Discovery Engine
Plants on different continents targeting the same molecular pathways. Dosage patterns that defy random chance. These are the statistical outliers in our knowledge graph — patterns that point to something real.
196
Mechanism-use mismatches
29
Geographic convergences
43
Dosage anomalies
22
Multi-tradition sources
Anomaly categories
Mechanism-Use Mismatch
Treatments where a compound's known mechanism doesn't obviously match the condition being treated. These mismatches sometimes point to undiscovered pharmacological pathways.
Multi-tradition Source Usage
Biological sources used across 3 or more independent traditions. When unrelated medical systems converge on the same plant, the signal is hard to ignore.
Dosage Anomaly
Same biological source treating the same ICD-11 condition across traditions, but at different dosages. These variations may reflect preparation method differences or distinct active fractions.
Geographic Mechanism Convergence
Traditions from different geographic regions independently discovered compounds that target the same mechanism class. Geographic distance makes coincidence less likely.
A compound's known mechanism class doesn't obviously align with the condition it's being used to treat.
Andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata) has mechanism class NF-kappaB p50 covalent inhibition (Michael addition), JAK2/STAT3 suppression, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly disruption, PAF antagonism, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Rakta Thatu (blood tissue), Mamsa Thatu (muscle tissue), Pitham system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Traditions from different geographic regions independently discovered compounds targeting the same mechanism.
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Korean Peninsula, Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras), Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti), China, Indian subcontinent, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization), Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine), Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil), Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China) independently identified compounds with the Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Same biological source treating the same condition, but different traditions prescribe different dosages.
Multiple traditions use Zingiber officinale for Inflammatory disorders but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction | 30-60ml decoction twice daily before meals |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale | Fresh ginger tea: 5-10g grated ginger in hot water, 2-3 times daily |
Biological sources used by 3 or more traditions. Cross-tradition adoption is one of the simplest and strongest signals in ethnopharmacology.
Zingiber officinale appears in 11 treatments across Siddha Medicine, Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya), Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, Unani Medicine, Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine), Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine, Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa).
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Rakta Thatu (blood tissue), Mamsa Thatu (muscle tissue), Pitham system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata) has mechanism class NF-kappaB p50 covalent inhibition (Michael addition), JAK2/STAT3 suppression, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly disruption, PAF antagonism, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Asthma (affecting Nurai eeral (lungs), Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory channels), Kapham and Vatham). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Asthma (affecting Nurai eeral (lungs), Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory channels), Kapham and Vatham). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata) has mechanism class NF-kappaB p50 covalent inhibition (Michael addition), JAK2/STAT3 suppression, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly disruption, PAF antagonism, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Iraipu (stomach), Pitham (digestive fire), Kapham (phlegm)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Iraipu (stomach), Pitham (digestive fire), Kapham (phlegm)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata) has mechanism class NF-kappaB p50 covalent inhibition (Michael addition), JAK2/STAT3 suppression, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly disruption, PAF antagonism, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Malaria (affecting Rasa Thatu (plasma tissue), Rakta Thatu (blood tissue), Agni (digestive fire), Viyarvai (sweat system)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction in Siddha Medicine is used for Malaria (affecting Rasa Thatu (plasma tissue), Rakta Thatu (blood tissue), Agni (digestive fire), Viyarvai (sweat system)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) (from Curcuma longa) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta inhibition, COX-2 transcriptional downregulation, Nrf2/ARE pathway activation, but the treatment மஞ்சள் (Manjal) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric in Siddha Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Rakta Thatu (blood tissue), Mamsa Thatu (muscle tissue), Pitham system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) (from Curcuma longa) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta inhibition, COX-2 transcriptional downregulation, Nrf2/ARE pathway activation, but the treatment மஞ்சள் (Manjal) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric in Siddha Medicine is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Thol (skin), Rakta Thatu (blood), All three Kutram). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Gymnemic acids (from Gymnema sylvestre) has mechanism class Intestinal glucose absorption inhibition (SGLT1), sweet taste receptor blockade, beta-cell regeneration, but the treatment சிறுகுறிஞ்சான் (Sirukurinjan) — Gymnema sylvestre in Siddha Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Neer (urinary system), Kozhuppu Thatu (fat tissue), Kabam system, Agni (digestive fire)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Salix alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment 柳白皮 (Bai Liu Pi) — Willow Bark in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders — pain with inflammation (affecting Blood (Xue), Liver (Gan), Heart (Xin)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Phyllanthin (from Phyllanthus niruri) has mechanism class Calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition, antilithiatic, hepatoprotective, ureteral smooth muscle relaxation, but the treatment கீழாநெல்லி (Keelanelli) — Phyllanthus niruri / Stonebreaker in Siddha Medicine is used for Urolithiasis (affecting Siruneeraga Mandalam (urinary system), Sirunearagam (kidneys), Siruneer Pai (bladder), Kabam system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Shatavarin IV (from Asparagus racemosus) has mechanism class Phytoestrogenic (ER-alpha/beta), galactopoietic, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, but the treatment தண்ணீர்விட்டான் (Thanneer Vittan) — Asparagus racemosus + Mineral Preparations in Siddha Medicine is used for Female infertility (affecting Karuvarai (uterus), Sukkilam/Sronitham Thatu (reproductive tissue), Vatham (reproductive rhythm), Udal Thathukkal chain). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Tannic acid (from Quercus infectoria) has mechanism class Mucosal astringent (protein precipitation), antimicrobial enzyme inhibition, intestinal antisecretory, iron chelation, but the treatment மாசிக்காய் (Masikkai) — Quercus infectoria / Aleppo Oak Gall in Siddha Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Iraipu (stomach), Kudal (intestines), Agni (digestive fire), Vatham (downward movement)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Salix alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment Tjeret (תגרת) — Willow / Salix in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Metu (vessel system), Affected tissues, Ib (heart — central organ)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Salix alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment Tjeret (תגרת) — Willow / Salix in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (affecting Ib (heart — overheated), Metu (vessels carrying hot wekhedu), Blood (senef), Skin (inet — radiating heat)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acemannan (from Aloe vera) has mechanism class Immunomodulatory polysaccharide, wound healing, macrophage activation, but the treatment 'Rw (ארו / Eru) — Aloe in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Skin (inet), Metu (vessels to skin), Blood). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acemannan (from Aloe vera) has mechanism class Immunomodulatory polysaccharide, wound healing, macrophage activation, but the treatment 'Rw (ארו / Eru) — Aloe in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting R (stomach/gut), Metu (vessels from gut), Ib (heart — affected by gut toxins)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (from Commiphora myrrha) has mechanism class Mu/delta opioid receptor partial agonism, COX-2 inhibition, CB2 partial agonism (multi-target analgesic), but the treatment ꜥntyw (אנטיו / Antyu) — Myrrh in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Skin (inet), Metu (vessels to skin), Blood). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (from Commiphora myrrha) has mechanism class Mu/delta opioid receptor partial agonism, COX-2 inhibition, CB2 partial agonism (multi-target analgesic), but the treatment ꜥntyw (אנטיו / Antyu) — Myrrh in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Asthma (affecting Sma (lungs/chest), Metu of the chest, Breathing passages). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (from Commiphora myrrha) has mechanism class Mu/delta opioid receptor partial agonism, COX-2 inhibition, CB2 partial agonism (multi-target analgesic), but the treatment ꜥntyw (אנטיו / Antyu) — Myrrh in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Open wound of skin (affecting Skin (inet), Metu (vessels — risk of wekhedu entry), Underlying tissues and bone). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment Ti-sps (תי-שפש) — Cinnamon in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Essential hypertension (affecting Ib/Haty (heart), Metu (vessels), Blood and air circulation). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment Ti-sps (תי-שפש) — Cinnamon in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting R (stomach/gut), Metu (vessels from gut), Ib (heart — affected by gut toxins)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (from Trigonella foenum-graecum) has mechanism class Glucose-dependent insulin secretagogue, muscle glucose uptake enhancement, but the treatment Hilbeh (חילבה) — Fenugreek / Trigonella in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Kidneys and bladder Metu, Body fluids (mw — water), Stomach/gut (r)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment Binkt (בינכת) — Puncture Vine / Tribulus in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Calculus of kidney (affecting Kidneys (weshbet), Bladder (inebt), Urinary Metu (vessels)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Agnuside (from Vitex agnus-castus) has mechanism class Dopamine D2 agonism (pituitary), prolactin suppression, menstrual cycle normalization, but the treatment Pagat (פאגאת) — Chaste Tree / Vitex in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Female infertility (affecting Idut (uterus), Reproductive Metu (vessels), Ib (heart — emotional component)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Psyllium mucilage (arabinoxylan) (from Plantago ovata) has mechanism class Bulk-forming agent (bidirectional stool normalization), bile acid sequestrant, prebiotic, postprandial glucose modulator, but the treatment Ispaghul (איספאגול) — Plantain Seed / Psyllium in Ancient Egyptian Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting R (stomach), Intestines (khet — belly), Body fluids (mw — water/moisture)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 홍삼 (Hong-sam) — Korean Red Ginseng in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Hyeol (blood), Affected tissues, Constitutional organ weakness). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 홍삼 (Hong-sam) — Korean Red Ginseng in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Essential hypertension (affecting Shim-jang (heart), Hyeol-gwan (blood vessels), Shim (heart-mind)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 홍삼 (Hong-sam) — Korean Red Ginseng in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Sin (kidney — Yin source), Pye (lung — fluid distribution), Wi (stomach — middle burner), Bi (spleen — transformation)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 홍삼 (Hong-sam) — Korean Red Ginseng in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Bi (spleen), Wi (stomach), Jang (intestines — large and small), Sin (kidney — in chronic cases)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 감초 (Gam-cho) — Glycyrrhiza / Licorice in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Hyeol (blood), Affected tissues, Constitutional organ weakness). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 감초 (Gam-cho) — Glycyrrhiza / Licorice in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Wi (stomach), Bi (spleen), Jang (intestines)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 감초 (Gam-cho) — Glycyrrhiza / Licorice in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Malaria (affecting So-Yang-Gyeong (Shaoyang meridian), Wi (stomach), Bi (spleen), Gan (liver)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 작약 (Jak-yak) — Paeonia lactiflora / White Peony Root in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Generalized anxiety disorder (affecting Shim (heart-mind), Gan (liver — source of anger), Shim-jang (physical heart)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 작약 (Jak-yak) — Paeonia lactiflora / White Peony Root in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Migraine (affecting Du (head), Gyeong-rak (meridians), Constitutional organ system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment 계피 (Gye-pi) — Cinnamomum / Cinnamon in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Essential hypertension (affecting Shim-jang (heart), Hyeol-gwan (blood vessels), Shim (heart-mind)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment 계피 (Gye-pi) — Cinnamomum / Cinnamon in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Wi (stomach), Bi (spleen), Jang (intestines)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment 계피 (Gye-pi) — Cinnamomum / Cinnamon in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Bi (spleen), Wi (stomach), Jang (intestines — large and small), Sin (kidney — in chronic cases)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Tanshinone IIA (from Salvia miltiorrhiza) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK complex inhibition, P2Y12 antiplatelet, eNOS-mediated vasodilation, but the treatment 丹参 (Dan Shen) — Salvia miltiorrhiza / Red Sage Root in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders — pain with inflammation (affecting Blood (Xue), Liver (Gan), Heart (Xin)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Tanshinone IIA (from Salvia miltiorrhiza) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK complex inhibition, P2Y12 antiplatelet, eNOS-mediated vasodilation, but the treatment 丹参 (Dan Shen) — Salvia miltiorrhiza / Red Sage Root in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Essential hypertension (affecting Heart (Xin), Chest (Xiong), Blood vessels (Mai)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment 여주 (Yeo-ju) — Momordica charantia / Bitter Melon in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Sin (kidney — Yin source), Pye (lung — fluid distribution), Wi (stomach — middle burner), Bi (spleen — transformation)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Artemisinin (from Artemisia annua) has mechanism class Heme-dependent endoperoxide activation, Fe2+-mediated radical generation, PfATP6 alkylation, parasite mitochondrial disruption, but the treatment 개똥쑥 (Gae-ttong-ssuk) — Artemisia annua / Sweet Wormwood in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Malaria (affecting So-Yang-Gyeong (Shaoyang meridian), Wi (stomach), Bi (spleen), Gan (liver)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment 질려자 (Jillyeo-ja) — Tribulus terrestris / Puncture Vine in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Urolithiasis (affecting Sin (kidney), Bang-gwang (bladder), Ha-cho (lower burner)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ligustilide (from Angelica sinensis) has mechanism class Uterine antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel blockade), eNOS vasodilation, Nrf2/HO-1 cytoprotection, hematopoietic, but the treatment 당귀 (Danggwi) — Angelica sinensis / Korean Angelica in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Female infertility (affecting Sin (kidney — essence source), Ja-gung (uterus), Hyeol (blood), Chung-Maek / Ren-Maek (Penetrating and Conception Vessels)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment 생강 (Saenggang) / 건강 (Geongang) — Zingiber officinale / Ginger in Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Bi (spleen), Wi (stomach), Jang (intestines — large and small), Sin (kidney — in chronic cases)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acemannan (from Aloe vera) has mechanism class Immunomodulatory polysaccharide, wound healing, macrophage activation, but the treatment Metl / Sábila — Agave / Aloe (Mesoamerican use) in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Psoriasis (affecting Skin (ehuatl), Blood, Internal heat). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acemannan (from Aloe vera) has mechanism class Immunomodulatory polysaccharide, wound healing, macrophage activation, but the treatment Metl / Sábila — Agave / Aloe (Mesoamerican use) in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Affected tissues, Tonalli (vital heat), Blood). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment Jengibre / Chicomecóatl herb — Zingiber officinale in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Stomach (itetl), Intestines, Digestive heat). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment Cundeamor / Bitter Melon — Momordica charantia in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Ihíyotl (liver-spirit), Kidneys (netlacualli), Vital moisture (atl)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Quinine (from Cinchona officinalis) has mechanism class Heme polymerization inhibition (hemozoin blockade), Plasmodium schizonticide, DNA intercalation, but the treatment Quina / Corteza de Fiebre — Cinchona officinalis in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Malaria (affecting Tonalli (vital heat — disordered), Blood (eztli), Ihíyotl (liver-spirit)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Phyllanthin (from Phyllanthus niruri) has mechanism class Calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition, antilithiatic, hepatoprotective, ureteral smooth muscle relaxation, but the treatment Chanca Piedra / Flor Escondida — Phyllanthus niruri in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Urinary calculus (affecting Kidneys (netlacualli), Urinary passages, Lower abdominal heat balance). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Agnuside (from Vitex agnus-castus) has mechanism class Dopamine D2 agonism (pituitary), prolactin suppression, menstrual cycle normalization, but the treatment Sauzgatillo / Árbol Casto — Vitex agnus-castus in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Female infertility (affecting Womb (cihuatl), Teyolía (heart-consciousness), Reproductive heat balance). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Quercetin (from Psidium guajava) has mechanism class NF-kappaB inhibition, dual COX-2/5-LOX, intestinal antisecretory (antidiarrheal), mast cell stabilization, antimicrobial, but the treatment Guayaba / Xalxócotl — Psidium guajava in Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Stomach (itetl), Intestines (cuitlaxcolotl), Vital moisture (atl)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Terpinen-4-ol (from Melaleuca alternifolia) has mechanism class Antimicrobial (membrane disruption), anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, but the treatment Tea Tree — Melaleuca alternifolia (Bundjalung medicine) in Aboriginal Australian Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Affected tissues, Kurunpa (spirit), Physical body). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Terpinen-4-ol (from Melaleuca alternifolia) has mechanism class Antimicrobial (membrane disruption), anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, but the treatment Tea Tree — Melaleuca alternifolia (Bundjalung medicine) in Aboriginal Australian Medicine is used for Superficial mycoses (affecting Skin, Subcutaneous tissue). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Terpinen-4-ol (from Melaleuca alternifolia) has mechanism class Antimicrobial (membrane disruption), anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, but the treatment Tea Tree — Melaleuca alternifolia (Bundjalung medicine) in Aboriginal Australian Medicine is used for Open wound of skin (affecting Skin, Subcutaneous tissue, Muscles (deep wounds)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (from Eucalyptus globulus) has mechanism class Anti-inflammatory (airway), mucolytic, bronchodilatory, TRPM8 agonist, but the treatment Eucalyptus — Eucalyptus globulus / E. species (Bush medicine) in Aboriginal Australian Medicine is used for Asthma (affecting Chest/lungs, Breathing passages, Kurunpa (spirit)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (from Eucalyptus globulus) has mechanism class Anti-inflammatory (airway), mucolytic, bronchodilatory, TRPM8 agonist, but the treatment Eucalyptus — Eucalyptus globulus / E. species (Bush medicine) in Aboriginal Australian Medicine is used for Fever of other and unknown origin (affecting Whole body, Skin (heat regulation), Kurunpa (spirit — if spiritual cause)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (from Eucalyptus globulus) has mechanism class Anti-inflammatory (airway), mucolytic, bronchodilatory, TRPM8 agonist, but the treatment Eucalyptus — Eucalyptus globulus / E. species (Bush medicine) in Aboriginal Australian Medicine is used for Open wound of skin (affecting Skin, Subcutaneous tissue, Muscles (deep wounds)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (from Eucalyptus globulus) has mechanism class Anti-inflammatory (airway), mucolytic, bronchodilatory, TRPM8 agonist, but the treatment Eucalyptus — Eucalyptus globulus / E. species (Bush medicine) in Aboriginal Australian Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Intestines, Stomach, Whole body (dehydration)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Alkamides (isobutylamides from Echinacea) (from Echinacea purpurea) has mechanism class CB2 agonism, endocannabinoid modulation, immunomodulation, but the treatment Icahpe Hu (Lakota) / Echinacea — Echinacea purpurea in Native American Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Physical body, Affected tissues, Spirit (if spiritual cause)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Alkamides (isobutylamides from Echinacea) (from Echinacea purpurea) has mechanism class CB2 agonism, endocannabinoid modulation, immunomodulation, but the treatment Icahpe Hu (Lakota) / Echinacea — Echinacea purpurea in Native American Medicine is used for Asthma (affecting Chest, Lungs, Breathing passages). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Alkamides (isobutylamides from Echinacea) (from Echinacea purpurea) has mechanism class CB2 agonism, endocannabinoid modulation, immunomodulation, but the treatment Icahpe Hu (Lakota) / Echinacea — Echinacea purpurea in Native American Medicine is used for Fever of other and unspecified origin (affecting Whole body, Spirit, Blood (heat in the blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Berberine (from Hydrastis canadensis) has mechanism class AMPK activation, NF-kappaB inhibition, metabolic regulation, antimicrobial, but the treatment Tsi Yu Gi (Cherokee) / Goldenseal — Hydrastis canadensis in Native American Medicine is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Skin, Blood, Spirit (if spiritual cause)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Berberine (from Hydrastis canadensis) has mechanism class AMPK activation, NF-kappaB inhibition, metabolic regulation, antimicrobial, but the treatment Tsi Yu Gi (Cherokee) / Goldenseal — Hydrastis canadensis in Native American Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Stomach, Intestines, Digestive system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Berberine (from Hydrastis canadensis) has mechanism class AMPK activation, NF-kappaB inhibition, metabolic regulation, antimicrobial, but the treatment Tsi Yu Gi (Cherokee) / Goldenseal — Hydrastis canadensis in Native American Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Blood, Pancreas, Whole body metabolism, Eyes, Kidneys, Heart). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Berberine (from Hydrastis canadensis) has mechanism class AMPK activation, NF-kappaB inhibition, metabolic regulation, antimicrobial, but the treatment Tsi Yu Gi (Cherokee) / Goldenseal — Hydrastis canadensis in Native American Medicine is used for Wound infections (affecting Skin, Underlying tissues, Blood (if infection spreads), Spirit (wound as spiritual opening)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Berberine (from Hydrastis canadensis) has mechanism class AMPK activation, NF-kappaB inhibition, metabolic regulation, antimicrobial, but the treatment Tsi Yu Gi (Cherokee) / Goldenseal — Hydrastis canadensis in Native American Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Intestines, Stomach, Whole body (dehydration risk)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Kavalactones (kavain primary) (from Piper methysticum) has mechanism class GABA-A positive allosteric modulation (non-benzodiazepine site), voltage-gated Na+/Ca2+ channel blockade, reversible MAO-B inhibition, but the treatment 'Awa (Hawaiian) / Kava (general Polynesian) — Piper methysticum in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Insomnia (affecting Wairua (spirit), Hinengaro (mind), Whānau (family) dimension). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Kavalactones (kavain primary) (from Piper methysticum) has mechanism class GABA-A positive allosteric modulation (non-benzodiazepine site), voltage-gated Na+/Ca2+ channel blockade, reversible MAO-B inhibition, but the treatment 'Awa (Hawaiian) / Kava (general Polynesian) — Piper methysticum in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Tinana (physical body), Affected tissues, Wairua (spirit — if Mate Māori)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Scopoletin (from Morinda citrifolia) has mechanism class COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, vasodilatory, xanthine oxidase inhibition, but the treatment Noni (pan-Polynesian) — Morinda citrifolia in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Kiri (skin — Māori), 'Ili (skin — Hawaiian), Toto (blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Scopoletin (from Morinda citrifolia) has mechanism class COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, vasodilatory, xanthine oxidase inhibition, but the treatment Noni (pan-Polynesian) — Morinda citrifolia in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Tinana (physical body), Affected tissues, Wairua (spirit — if Mate Māori)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Scopoletin (from Morinda citrifolia) has mechanism class COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, vasodilatory, xanthine oxidase inhibition, but the treatment Noni (pan-Polynesian) — Morinda citrifolia in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Toto (blood), Puku (stomach/digestion), Tinana (whole body), Karu (eyes — diabetic complications)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Scopoletin (from Morinda citrifolia) has mechanism class COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, vasodilatory, xanthine oxidase inhibition, but the treatment Noni (pan-Polynesian) — Morinda citrifolia in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Fever of other and unknown origin (affecting Tinana (whole body), Kiri (skin — hot to touch), Hinengaro (mind — delirium in severe fever)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Scopoletin (from Morinda citrifolia) has mechanism class COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, vasodilatory, xanthine oxidase inhibition, but the treatment Noni (pan-Polynesian) — Morinda citrifolia in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Urinary tract infection, site not specified (affecting Whatukuhu (kidney — Māori), Tākihi (urinary system), Kōpū (bladder)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Scopoletin (from Morinda citrifolia) has mechanism class COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, vasodilatory, xanthine oxidase inhibition, but the treatment Noni (pan-Polynesian) — Morinda citrifolia in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Female infertility (affecting Whare tangata (womb — literally 'house of people'), Whānau (family dimension), Wairua (spirit)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Puku (stomach), Ngākau (intestines), Digestive system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Tinana (physical body), Affected tissues, Wairua (spirit — if Mate Māori)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Fever of other and unknown origin (affecting Tinana (whole body), Kiri (skin — hot to touch), Hinengaro (mind — delirium in severe fever)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Puku (stomach), Ngākau (intestines), Tinana (whole body — dehydration)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment Pāreā (adopted Pacific name) / Bitter Melon — Momordica charantia in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Toto (blood), Puku (stomach/digestion), Tinana (whole body), Karu (eyes — diabetic complications)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 独活寄生汤 (Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang) — Angelica Pubescens and Mistletoe Decoction in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Rheumatoid arthritis — inflammatory joint disease (affecting Meridians/Channels (Jing Luo), Liver (Gan), Kidney (Shen), Spleen (Pi)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 归脾汤 (Gui Pi Tang) — Restore the Spleen Decoction in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Insomnia (affecting Heart (Xin), Spleen (Pi), Blood (Xue)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ephedrine (from Ephedra sinica) has mechanism class Mixed-acting sympathomimetic (adrenergic agonist + norepinephrine release), Beta-2 bronchodilator, Alpha-1 vasoconstrictor, but the treatment 小青龙汤 (Xiao Qing Long Tang) — Minor Blue-Green Dragon Decoction in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Asthma (affecting Lung (Fei), Spleen (Pi), Kidney (Shen)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment Balsamina / Papailla — Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Sangre (blood), Riñones (kidneys), Ojos (eyes), Piel (skin)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment 苦瓜 (Ku Gua) — Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Lung (Fei), Stomach (Wei), Kidney (Shen), Spleen (Pi)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Artemisinin (from Artemisia annua) has mechanism class Heme-dependent endoperoxide activation, Fe2+-mediated radical generation, PfATP6 alkylation, parasite mitochondrial disruption, but the treatment 青蒿鳖甲汤 (Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang) — Sweet Wormwood and Soft-Shelled Turtle Shell Decoction in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Malaria (affecting Shaoyang (Gallbladder/Triple Burner), Liver (Gan), Spleen (Pi)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment 八正散加蒺藜 (Ba Zheng San Jia Ji Li) — Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification with Tribulus in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Urolithiasis (affecting Kidney (Shen), Bladder (Pang Guang), Lower Jiao). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 八正散加蒺藜 (Ba Zheng San Jia Ji Li) — Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification with Tribulus in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Urolithiasis (affecting Kidney (Shen), Bladder (Pang Guang), Lower Jiao). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ligustilide (from Angelica sinensis) has mechanism class Uterine antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel blockade), eNOS vasodilation, Nrf2/HO-1 cytoprotection, hematopoietic, but the treatment 当归补血汤加减 (Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Jia Jian) — Angelica Blood-Tonifying Decoction (Modified) in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Female infertility (affecting Kidney (Shen), Liver (Gan), Chong Mai (冲脉), Ren Mai (任脉), Uterus (Bao Gong)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 参苓白术散 (Shen Ling Bai Zhu San) — Ginseng, Poria, and White Atractylodes Powder in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Spleen (Pi), Stomach (Wei), Large Intestine (Da Chang), Kidney (Shen)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment 参苓白术散 (Shen Ling Bai Zhu San) — Ginseng, Poria, and White Atractylodes Powder in Traditional Chinese Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Spleen (Pi), Stomach (Wei), Large Intestine (Da Chang), Kidney (Shen)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) (from Boswellia serrata) has mechanism class 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) direct non-competitive inhibition, but the treatment शल्लकी (Shallaki) — Boswellia serrata in Ayurveda is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Sandhi (joints), Hridaya (heart), Asthi Dhatu (bone)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) (from Boswellia serrata) has mechanism class 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) direct non-competitive inhibition, but the treatment शल्लकी (Shallaki) — Boswellia serrata in Ayurveda is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Rakta Dhatu (blood tissue), Mamsa Dhatu (muscle tissue), Srotas (channels)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Withaferin A (primary withanolide) (from Withania somnifera) has mechanism class IKK-beta direct binding inhibition, HPA axis adaptogenic modulation, STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, but the treatment अश्वगन्धा (Ashwagandha) — Withania somnifera in Ayurveda is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Rakta Dhatu (blood tissue), Mamsa Dhatu (muscle tissue), Srotas (channels)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Withaferin A (primary withanolide) (from Withania somnifera) has mechanism class IKK-beta direct binding inhibition, HPA axis adaptogenic modulation, STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, but the treatment अश्वगन्धा (Ashwagandha) — Withania somnifera in Ayurveda is used for Insomnia (affecting Manas (mind), Prana Vayu, Sadhaka Pitta (emotional processing), Tarpaka Kapha (nourishment of brain)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) (from Curcuma longa) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta inhibition, COX-2 transcriptional downregulation, Nrf2/ARE pathway activation, but the treatment हरिद्रा (Haridra) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric in Ayurveda is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Rakta Dhatu (blood tissue), Mamsa Dhatu (muscle tissue), Srotas (channels)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) (from Curcuma longa) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta inhibition, COX-2 transcriptional downregulation, Nrf2/ARE pathway activation, but the treatment हरिद्रा (Haridra) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric in Ayurveda is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Sandhi (joints), Hridaya (heart), Asthi Dhatu (bone)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) (from Curcuma longa) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta inhibition, COX-2 transcriptional downregulation, Nrf2/ARE pathway activation, but the treatment हरिद्रा (Haridra) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric in Ayurveda is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Tvak (skin), Rakta Dhatu (blood), Mamsa Dhatu (flesh)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment यष्टिमधु (Yashtimadhu) — Glycyrrhiza glabra / Licorice in Ayurveda is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Koshtha (GI tract), Pachaka Pitta, Samana Vata, Kledaka Kapha). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment यष्टिमधु (Yashtimadhu) — Glycyrrhiza glabra / Licorice in Ayurveda is used for Asthma (affecting Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory channels), Prana Vayu, Kledaka/Avalambaka Kapha). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Gymnemic acids (from Gymnema sylvestre) has mechanism class Intestinal glucose absorption inhibition (SGLT1), sweet taste receptor blockade, beta-cell regeneration, but the treatment गुड़मार + करवेल्लक + मेथिका (Gudmar + Karavellaka + Methika) — Prameha Triad in Ayurveda is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Medovaha Srotas (fat metabolism channels), Mutravaha Srotas (urinary channels), Medas Dhatu (fat tissue), Kleda (metabolic waste)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment गुड़मार + करवेल्लक + मेथिका (Gudmar + Karavellaka + Methika) — Prameha Triad in Ayurveda is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Medovaha Srotas (fat metabolism channels), Mutravaha Srotas (urinary channels), Medas Dhatu (fat tissue), Kleda (metabolic waste)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (from Trigonella foenum-graecum) has mechanism class Glucose-dependent insulin secretagogue, muscle glucose uptake enhancement, but the treatment गुड़मार + करवेल्लक + मेथिका (Gudmar + Karavellaka + Methika) — Prameha Triad in Ayurveda is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Medovaha Srotas (fat metabolism channels), Mutravaha Srotas (urinary channels), Medas Dhatu (fat tissue), Kleda (metabolic waste)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Azadirachtin (from Azadirachta indica) has mechanism class NF-kappaB immunomodulation, antipyretic, antimicrobial membrane disruption, but the treatment निम्ब क्वाथ (Nimba Kwatha) — Neem Decoction in Ayurveda is used for Malaria (affecting Rasa Dhatu (plasma), Rakta Dhatu (blood), Agni (digestive fire), Swedavaha Srotas (sweat channels)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Phyllanthin (from Phyllanthus niruri) has mechanism class Calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition, antilithiatic, hepatoprotective, ureteral smooth muscle relaxation, but the treatment भूम्यामलकी + गोक्षुर (Bhumyamalaki + Gokshura) — Ashmari-hara Yoga in Ayurveda is used for Urolithiasis (affecting Mutravaha Srotas (urinary channels), Vrikka (kidneys), Basti (bladder), Mutra (urine)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment भूम्यामलकी + गोक्षुर (Bhumyamalaki + Gokshura) — Ashmari-hara Yoga in Ayurveda is used for Urolithiasis (affecting Mutravaha Srotas (urinary channels), Vrikka (kidneys), Basti (bladder), Mutra (urine)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Shatavarin IV (from Asparagus racemosus) has mechanism class Phytoestrogenic (ER-alpha/beta), galactopoietic, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, but the treatment शतावरी (Shatavari) — Asparagus racemosus in Ayurveda is used for Female infertility (affecting Artavavaha Srotas (female reproductive channels), Shukravaha Srotas (male reproductive channels), Shukra/Artava Dhatu (reproductive tissue), Rasa Dhatu (nutritive plasma)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Psyllium mucilage (arabinoxylan) (from Plantago ovata) has mechanism class Bulk-forming agent (bidirectional stool normalization), bile acid sequestrant, prebiotic, postprandial glucose modulator, but the treatment इसबगोल + शुण्ठी (Isabgol + Shunthi) — Atisara-hara Yoga in Ayurveda is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Purishavaha Srotas (excretory channels), Koshtha (GI tract), Pachaka Pitta (digestive fire), Kledaka Kapha (gastric moisture)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment इसबगोल + शुण्ठी (Isabgol + Shunthi) — Atisara-hara Yoga in Ayurveda is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Purishavaha Srotas (excretory channels), Koshtha (GI tract), Pachaka Pitta (digestive fire), Kledaka Kapha (gastric moisture)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Salix alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment Φλοιός Ἰτέας (Phloios Iteas) — Willow Bark in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Blood (Haima), Yellow Bile (Chole), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Salix alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment Φλοιός Ἰτέας (Phloios Iteas) — Willow Bark in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Gout (affecting Joints (Arthra), Humoral system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Salix alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment Φλοιός Ἰτέας (Phloios Iteas) — Willow Bark in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Malaria (affecting Blood (Haima), Yellow Bile (Chole), Spleen (Splen), Liver (Hepar)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Costunolide (from Laurus nobilis) (from Laurus nobilis) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta covalent inhibition (Michael addition at Cys179), STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, AP-1 inhibition, telomerase transcriptional downregulation, but the treatment Δάφνη (Daphne) — Bay Laurel in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Stomach (Gaster), Liver (Hepar), Innate heat (Thermasía)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Costunolide (from Laurus nobilis) (from Laurus nobilis) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta covalent inhibition (Michael addition at Cys179), STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, AP-1 inhibition, telomerase transcriptional downregulation, but the treatment Δάφνη (Daphne) — Bay Laurel in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Migraine (affecting Meninges, Brain (Enkephalos), Stomach (sympathetic origin)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) (from Boswellia serrata) has mechanism class 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) direct non-competitive inhibition, but the treatment Λίβανος (Libanos) — Frankincense / Olibanum in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Blood (Haima), Yellow Bile (Chole), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) (from Boswellia serrata) has mechanism class 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) direct non-competitive inhibition, but the treatment Λίβανος (Libanos) — Frankincense / Olibanum in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Psoriasis (affecting Skin (Derma), Blood (Haima), Black Bile (Melaina Chole)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Valerenic acid (from Valeriana officinalis) has mechanism class GABA-A positive allosteric modulation, 5-HT5a agonism, sleep promotion, but the treatment Φοῦ (Phu) / Νάρδος (Nardos) — Valerian in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Single episode depressive disorder (affecting Brain (Enkephalos), Black Bile (Melaina Chole), Spleen (Splen)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Populus alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment Λεύκη (Leuke) — White Poplar Bark in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Blood (Haima), Yellow Bile (Chole), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Salicin (from Populus alba) has mechanism class dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade), but the treatment Λεύκη (Leuke) — White Poplar Bark in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Gout (affecting Joints (Arthra), Humoral system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Menthol (from Mentha x piperita) has mechanism class TRPM8 agonist (cooling/analgesic), smooth muscle relaxant, kappa opioid agonism, but the treatment Ἡδύοσμος (Hedyosmos) — Mint / Peppermint in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Stomach (Gaster), Liver (Hepar), Innate heat (Thermasía)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (from Trigonella foenum-graecum) has mechanism class Glucose-dependent insulin secretagogue, muscle glucose uptake enhancement, but the treatment Τήλις / Βούκερας (Telis / Bouceras) — Fenugreek in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Kidneys (Nephroi), Liver (Hepar), Innate heat (Thermasía)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (from Commiphora myrrha) has mechanism class Mu/delta opioid receptor partial agonism, COX-2 inhibition, CB2 partial agonism (multi-target analgesic), but the treatment Καλένδουλα (Kalendoula) — Marigold in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Wound healing disorders (affecting Affected tissue (Sarx), Blood (Haima), Local humors). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment Τρίβολος (Tribolos) — Caltrop / Land Caltrop in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Urinary tract calculus (affecting Kidneys (Nephroi), Bladder (Kystis), Phlegmatic humor). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Agnuside (from Vitex agnus-castus) has mechanism class Dopamine D2 agonism (pituitary), prolactin suppression, menstrual cycle normalization, but the treatment Ἄγνος / Λύγος (Agnos / Lygos) — Chaste Tree in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Female infertility (affecting Uterus (Hystera/Metra), Phlegmatic humor, Innate heat (Thermasía)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Tannic acid (from Quercus infectoria) has mechanism class Mucosal astringent (protein precipitation), antimicrobial enzyme inhibition, intestinal antisecretory, iron chelation, but the treatment Κηκίς (Kekis) — Gall Oak / Oak Galls in Ancient Greek Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Intestines (Entera), Stomach (Gaster), Innate heat (Thermasía)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) (from Boswellia serrata) has mechanism class 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) direct non-competitive inhibition, but the treatment لبان (Luban) — Frankincense / Kundur in Unani Medicine is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Mafasil (joints), Humoral system (Akhlat)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) (from Boswellia serrata) has mechanism class 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) direct non-competitive inhibition, but the treatment لبان (Luban) — Frankincense / Kundur in Unani Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Blood (Dam), Yellow Bile (Safra), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Withaferin A (primary withanolide) (from Withania somnifera) has mechanism class IKK-beta direct binding inhibition, HPA axis adaptogenic modulation, STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, but the treatment اسگند (Asgandh) — Ashwagandha in Unani Medicine is used for Insomnia (affecting Dimagh (brain), Quwwat-e-Mutakhayyila (imaginative faculty), Sauda (black bile)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Costunolide (from Laurus nobilis) (from Laurus nobilis) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta covalent inhibition (Michael addition at Cys179), STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, AP-1 inhibition, telomerase transcriptional downregulation, but the treatment حب الغار (Habb al-Ghaar) — Bay Laurel Berry in Unani Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Meda (stomach), Jigar (liver), Hararat-e-Ghariziyya (innate heat)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Costunolide (from Laurus nobilis) (from Laurus nobilis) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IKK-beta covalent inhibition (Michael addition at Cys179), STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, AP-1 inhibition, telomerase transcriptional downregulation, but the treatment حب الغار (Habb al-Ghaar) — Bay Laurel Berry in Unani Medicine is used for Migraine (affecting Dimagh (brain), Aghshiya-e-Dimagh (meninges), Meda (stomach, sympathetic)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment زنجبیل (Zanjabil) — Ginger in Unani Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Meda (stomach), Jigar (liver), Hararat-e-Ghariziyya (innate heat)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment زنجبیل (Zanjabil) — Ginger in Unani Medicine is used for Asthma (affecting Ria (lungs), Qasabat-ur-Ria (bronchi), Balgham (phlegm)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (from Trigonella foenum-graecum) has mechanism class Glucose-dependent insulin secretagogue, muscle glucose uptake enhancement, but the treatment حلبة (Hulba) — Fenugreek / Trigonella foenum-graecum in Unani Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Kulya (kidneys), Jigar (liver), Quwwat-e-Masika (retentive faculty), Hararat-e-Ghariziya (innate heat)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Azadirachtin (from Azadirachta indica) has mechanism class NF-kappaB immunomodulation, antipyretic, antimicrobial membrane disruption, but the treatment نیم (Neem) — Azadirachta indica in Unani Medicine is used for Malaria (affecting Akhlat (humoral system), Safra (yellow bile), Jigar (liver), Tihal (spleen)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment خار خسک + اسپغول (Khar-e-Khasak + Ispaghula) — Tribulus terrestris + Plantago ovata in Unani Medicine is used for Calculus of kidney (affecting Kulya (kidneys), Halib (ureters), Masana (bladder), Quwwat-e-Dafia (expulsive faculty)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Psyllium mucilage (arabinoxylan) (from Plantago ovata) has mechanism class Bulk-forming agent (bidirectional stool normalization), bile acid sequestrant, prebiotic, postprandial glucose modulator, but the treatment خار خسک + اسپغول (Khar-e-Khasak + Ispaghula) — Tribulus terrestris + Plantago ovata in Unani Medicine is used for Calculus of kidney (affecting Kulya (kidneys), Halib (ureters), Masana (bladder), Quwwat-e-Dafia (expulsive faculty)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Shatavarin IV (from Asparagus racemosus) has mechanism class Phytoestrogenic (ER-alpha/beta), galactopoietic, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, but the treatment شتاور (Satavar) — Asparagus racemosus + Warm Temperament Herbs in Unani Medicine is used for Female infertility (affecting Rahim (uterus), Kulya (kidneys), Quwwat-e-Muwallida (generative faculty), Akhlat (humors)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Tannic acid (from Quercus infectoria) has mechanism class Mucosal astringent (protein precipitation), antimicrobial enzyme inhibition, intestinal antisecretory, iron chelation, but the treatment مازو (Mazu) — Quercus infectoria / Oak Galls in Unani Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Ama (intestines), Meda (stomach), Jigar (liver), Quwwat-e-Hazima (digestive faculty)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 芍薬甘草湯 (Shakuyaku-Kanzo-Tō) — Peony and Licorice Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Ketsu (blood), Ki (vital energy), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 芍薬甘草湯 (Shakuyaku-Kanzo-Tō) — Peony and Licorice Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Ketsu (blood), Ki (vital energy), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 芍薬甘草湯 (Shakuyaku-Kanzo-Tō) — Peony and Licorice Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Kansetsu (joints), Keiraku (meridians), Ki-Ketsu system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 芍薬甘草湯 (Shakuyaku-Kanzo-Tō) — Peony and Licorice Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Kansetsu (joints), Keiraku (meridians), Ki-Ketsu system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment 桂枝茯苓丸 (Keishi-Bukuryō-Gan) — Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Ketsu (blood), Ki (vital energy), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 桂枝茯苓丸 (Keishi-Bukuryō-Gan) — Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Ketsu (blood), Ki (vital energy), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment 桂枝茯苓丸 (Keishi-Bukuryō-Gan) — Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Essential hypertension (affecting Shin (heart), Ki (vital energy) system, Ketsu (blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 桂枝茯苓丸 (Keishi-Bukuryō-Gan) — Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Essential hypertension (affecting Shin (heart), Ki (vital energy) system, Ketsu (blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum verum) has mechanism class TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing, but the treatment 桂枝茯苓丸 (Keishi-Bukuryō-Gan) — Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Hifu (skin), Ketsu (blood), Ki system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 桂枝茯苓丸 (Keishi-Bukuryō-Gan) — Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Hifu (skin), Ketsu (blood), Ki system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 六君子湯 (Rikkunshi-Tō) — Six Gentlemen Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Hi (spleen), I (stomach), Ki-Sui (energy-fluid) system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ephedrine (from Ephedra sinica) has mechanism class Mixed-acting sympathomimetic (adrenergic agonist + norepinephrine release), Beta-2 bronchodilator, Alpha-1 vasoconstrictor, but the treatment 小青竜湯 (Shō-Seiryū-Tō) — Minor Blue Dragon Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Asthma (affecting Hai (lungs), Sui (fluid) system, Ki (vital energy)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 八味地黄丸 (Hachimi-jiō-gan) — Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Jin (kidney), Hai (lungs), Hi (spleen), In (Yin) system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment 八味地黄丸 (Hachimi-jiō-gan) — Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Jin (kidney), Hai (lungs), Hi (spleen), In (Yin) system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 小柴胡湯 (Shō-saiko-tō) — Minor Bupleurum Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Malaria (affecting Shōyō (gallbladder/triple burner), Ki system, Hyō-Ri (surface-interior interface)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 小柴胡湯 (Shō-saiko-tō) — Minor Bupleurum Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Malaria (affecting Shōyō (gallbladder/triple burner), Ki system, Hyō-Ri (surface-interior interface)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Phyllanthin (from Phyllanthus niruri) has mechanism class Calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition, antilithiatic, hepatoprotective, ureteral smooth muscle relaxation, but the treatment Chanca Piedra (Stonebreaker) — Phyllanthus niruri in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Urolithiasis (affecting Riñones (kidneys), Vejiga (bladder), Vías urinarias (urinary tract)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ligustilide (from Angelica sinensis) has mechanism class Uterine antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel blockade), eNOS vasodilation, Nrf2/HO-1 cytoprotection, hematopoietic, but the treatment 紫雲膏 (Shiun-kō) — Purple Cloud Ointment in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Wound healing disorders (affecting Hifu (skin), Ketsu (blood), Ki (vital energy)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid) (from Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has mechanism class 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition, but the treatment 猪苓湯 (Chorei-tō) — Polyporus Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Urinary calculi (affecting Jin (kidney), Bōkō (bladder), Sui (fluid) system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ligustilide (from Angelica sinensis) has mechanism class Uterine antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel blockade), eNOS vasodilation, Nrf2/HO-1 cytoprotection, hematopoietic, but the treatment 当帰芍薬散 (Tōki-shakuyaku-san) — Angelica and Peony Powder in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Female infertility (affecting Shi-Kyū (uterus), Jin (kidney — Jing/essence), Ketsu (blood), Sui (fluid)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Paeoniflorin (from Paeonia lactiflora) has mechanism class Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation, but the treatment 当帰芍薬散 (Tōki-shakuyaku-san) — Angelica and Peony Powder in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Female infertility (affecting Shi-Kyū (uterus), Jin (kidney — Jing/essence), Ketsu (blood), Sui (fluid)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture) (from Panax ginseng) has mechanism class Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection, but the treatment 人参湯 (Ninjin-tō) — Ginseng Decoction / 真武湯 (Shinbu-tō) — True Warrior Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Hi (spleen), I (stomach), Jin (kidney — Yang), Sui (fluid) system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment 人参湯 (Ninjin-tō) — Ginseng Decoction / 真武湯 (Shinbu-tō) — True Warrior Decoction in Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Hi (spleen), I (stomach), Jin (kidney — Yang), Sui (fluid) system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Mitraphylline (from Uncaria tomentosa) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha stabilization, immunomodulatory (bidirectional), TNF-alpha transcriptional suppression, but the treatment Uña de Gato (Cat's Claw) — Uncaria tomentosa in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Affected tissues, Blood, Ánimo (vital force)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Mitraphylline (from Uncaria tomentosa) has mechanism class NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha stabilization, immunomodulatory (bidirectional), TNF-alpha transcriptional suppression, but the treatment Uña de Gato (Cat's Claw) — Uncaria tomentosa in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Huesos (bones), Articulaciones (joints), Muscular system). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Taspine (from Croton lechleri) has mechanism class Wound healing promotion (fibroblast migration/collagen synthesis), COX-2 inhibition, VEGFR-2 anti-angiogenic, but the treatment Sangre de Drago (Dragon's Blood) — Croton lechleri in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Superficial mycoses (affecting Piel (skin), Tejido subcutáneo (subcutaneous tissue)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Taspine (from Croton lechleri) has mechanism class Wound healing promotion (fibroblast migration/collagen synthesis), COX-2 inhibition, VEGFR-2 anti-angiogenic, but the treatment Sangre de Drago (Dragon's Blood) — Croton lechleri in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Estómago (stomach), Intestinos (intestines), Digestive tract). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment Jengibre (Ginger) — Zingiber officinale in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Estómago (stomach), Intestinos (intestines), Digestive tract). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment Jengibre (Ginger) — Zingiber officinale in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (affecting Pulmones (lungs), Pecho (chest), Garganta (throat)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Quercetin (from Psidium guajava) has mechanism class NF-kappaB inhibition, dual COX-2/5-LOX, intestinal antisecretory (antidiarrheal), mast cell stabilization, antimicrobial, but the treatment Hoja de Guayaba (Guava Leaf) — Psidium guajava in Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Intestinos (intestines), Estómago (stomach), Cuerpo entero (whole body — dehydration)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Harpagoside (from Harpagophytum procumbens) has mechanism class COX-2 transcriptional suppression, iNOS inhibition, MMP-3/9/13 cartilage-protective inhibition, NF-kappaB/IKK-beta pathway suppression, but the treatment Sengaparile / Devil's Claw — Harpagophytum procumbens in African Traditional Medicine is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting Igazi (blood), Affected tissues, Spiritual body). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Harpagoside (from Harpagophytum procumbens) has mechanism class COX-2 transcriptional suppression, iNOS inhibition, MMP-3/9/13 cartilage-protective inhibition, NF-kappaB/IKK-beta pathway suppression, but the treatment Sengaparile / Devil's Claw — Harpagophytum procumbens in African Traditional Medicine is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Amathambo (bones), Amalunga (joints), Igazi (blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Hypoxoside (from Hypoxis hemerocallidea) has mechanism class Prodrug (beta-glucosidase activation to rooperol), dual 5-LOX/12-LOX inhibition, T-cell/NK-cell immunostimulation, but the treatment inKomfe / African Potato — Hypoxis hemerocallidea in African Traditional Medicine is used for Essential hypertension (affecting Inhliziyo (heart), Igazi (blood), Umoya (spirit/breath)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Hypoxoside (from Hypoxis hemerocallidea) has mechanism class Prodrug (beta-glucosidase activation to rooperol), dual 5-LOX/12-LOX inhibition, T-cell/NK-cell immunostimulation, but the treatment inKomfe / African Potato — Hypoxis hemerocallidea in African Traditional Medicine is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Isikhumba (skin), Igazi (blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acemannan (from Aloe vera) has mechanism class Immunomodulatory polysaccharide, wound healing, macrophage activation, but the treatment iNhlaba / Aloe — Aloe vera / A. ferox in African Traditional Medicine is used for Atopic dermatitis (affecting Isikhumba (skin), Igazi (blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Acemannan (from Aloe vera) has mechanism class Immunomodulatory polysaccharide, wound healing, macrophage activation, but the treatment iNhlaba / Aloe — Aloe vera / A. ferox in African Traditional Medicine is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Isisu (stomach/abdomen), Amathumbu (intestines)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Withaferin A (primary withanolide) (from Withania somnifera) has mechanism class IKK-beta direct binding inhibition, HPA axis adaptogenic modulation, STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, but the treatment Ubuvimba — Withania somnifera (African use) in African Traditional Medicine is used for Single episode depressive disorder (affecting Umphefumulo (soul/spirit), Ingqondo (mind), Inhliziyo (heart — emotional center)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment Ejirin / Mwitu — Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in African Traditional Medicine is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Igazi (blood), Izinso (kidneys), Amehlo (eyes), Isisu (stomach/abdomen)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Azadirachtin (from Azadirachta indica) has mechanism class NF-kappaB immunomodulation, antipyretic, antimicrobial membrane disruption, but the treatment Mwarobaini / Dongoyaro — Azadirachta indica (Neem) in African Traditional Medicine is used for Malaria (affecting Igazi (blood), Isibindi (liver), Inyongo (spleen), Ingqondo (brain — in cerebral malaria)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Artemisinin (from Artemisia annua) has mechanism class Heme-dependent endoperoxide activation, Fe2+-mediated radical generation, PfATP6 alkylation, parasite mitochondrial disruption, but the treatment Artemisia — Artemisia annua (Sweet Wormwood) in African Traditional Medicine is used for Malaria (affecting Igazi (blood), Isibindi (liver), Inyongo (spleen), Ingqondo (brain — in cerebral malaria)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Phyllanthin (from Phyllanthus niruri) has mechanism class Calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition, antilithiatic, hepatoprotective, ureteral smooth muscle relaxation, but the treatment Eyin Olobe / Chanca Piedra — Phyllanthus niruri (Stonebreaker) in African Traditional Medicine is used for Calculus of kidney (affecting Izinso (kidneys), Isinye (bladder), Igazi (blood)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment Tsetsane / Puncture Vine — Tribulus terrestris in African Traditional Medicine is used for Female infertility (affecting Isibeletho (womb/uterus), Igazi (blood), Amaphaphu omzimba (reproductive organs), Umphefumulo (spirit)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Quercetin (from Psidium guajava) has mechanism class NF-kappaB inhibition, dual COX-2/5-LOX, intestinal antisecretory (antidiarrheal), mast cell stabilization, antimicrobial, but the treatment umGwava / Guova — Psidium guajava (Guava) in African Traditional Medicine is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Isisu (stomach), Amathumbu (intestines), Igazi (blood — in severe dehydration)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Chebulagic acid (from Terminalia chebula) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha stabilization, anti-AGE (protein glycation prevention), alpha-glucosidase inhibition, metal chelation antioxidant, but the treatment ཨ་རུ་ར (A-ru-ra) — Terminalia chebula / Chebulic Myrobalan in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Inflammatory disorders (affecting mKhris-pa (bile system), Khrag (blood), Affected tissues). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Chebulagic acid (from Terminalia chebula) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha stabilization, anti-AGE (protein glycation prevention), alpha-glucosidase inhibition, metal chelation antioxidant, but the treatment ཨ་རུ་ར (A-ru-ra) — Terminalia chebula / Chebulic Myrobalan in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Pho-ba (stomach), Me-drod (digestive heat), Bad-kan (phlegm system)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Chebulagic acid (from Terminalia chebula) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha stabilization, anti-AGE (protein glycation prevention), alpha-glucosidase inhibition, metal chelation antioxidant, but the treatment ཨ་རུ་ར (A-ru-ra) — Terminalia chebula / Chebulic Myrobalan in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Rheumatoid arthritis (affecting Rus-tshigs (joints), rLung (wind), mKhris-pa (bile), Bad-kan (phlegm)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Chebulagic acid (from Terminalia chebula) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha stabilization, anti-AGE (protein glycation prevention), alpha-glucosidase inhibition, metal chelation antioxidant, but the treatment ཨ་རུ་ར (A-ru-ra) — Terminalia chebula / Chebulic Myrobalan in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Pho-ba (stomach), rGyu-ma (intestines), Me-drod (digestive heat), Bad-kan (phlegm system)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment སྒ་བུར (Ga-bur) — Zingiber officinale / Ginger in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Functional dyspepsia (affecting Pho-ba (stomach), Me-drod (digestive heat), Bad-kan (phlegm system)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol (from Zingiber officinale) has mechanism class Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibition, TRPV1 desensitization (analgesic), 5-HT3 antagonism (antiemetic), NF-kappaB suppression, but the treatment སྒ་བུར (Ga-bur) — Zingiber officinale / Ginger in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Asthma (affecting Glo-ba (lungs), Bad-kan (phlegm), rLung (wind — for expectoration)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Charantin (from Momordica charantia) has mechanism class GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic, but the treatment ཁ་ལོ་ཏིག་ཏ (Kha-lo Tig-ta) — Momordica charantia + Gymnema sylvestre / Bitter Gourd-Gymnema compound in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Me-drod (metabolic/digestive heat), Bad-kan (phlegm system), mKhal-ma (kidneys), Chu-ser (lymph/serum)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Gymnemic acids (from Gymnema sylvestre) has mechanism class Intestinal glucose absorption inhibition (SGLT1), sweet taste receptor blockade, beta-cell regeneration, but the treatment ཁ་ལོ་ཏིག་ཏ (Kha-lo Tig-ta) — Momordica charantia + Gymnema sylvestre / Bitter Gourd-Gymnema compound in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (affecting Me-drod (metabolic/digestive heat), Bad-kan (phlegm system), mKhal-ma (kidneys), Chu-ser (lymph/serum)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Protodioscin (from Tribulus terrestris) has mechanism class LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic, but the treatment གཟེ་མ (gZe-ma) — Tribulus terrestris / Puncture Vine kidney preparation in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Urolithiasis (affecting mKhal-ma (kidneys), gCin-lam (urinary channels), Bad-kan (phlegm system), Chu-ser (lymph/serum)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Shatavarin IV (from Asparagus racemosus) has mechanism class Phytoestrogenic (ER-alpha/beta), galactopoietic, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, but the treatment ཉེ་ཤིང (Nye-shing) — Asparagus racemosus / Tibetan fertility preparation in Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) is used for Female infertility (affecting Mo-rtsa (female reproductive channels), Khu-ba (reproductive essence), rLung (wind system), mKhris-pa (bile system)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Asiaticoside (from Centella asiatica) has mechanism class Collagen synthesis stimulation (TGF-beta/Smad), VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, MMP inhibition, wound healing, but the treatment Gotu Kola (Pacific) — Centella asiatica in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Urinary tract infection, site not specified (affecting Whatukuhu (kidney — Māori), Tākihi (urinary system), Kōpū (bladder)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Quercetin (from Psidium guajava) has mechanism class NF-kappaB inhibition, dual COX-2/5-LOX, intestinal antisecretory (antidiarrheal), mast cell stabilization, antimicrobial, but the treatment Kuawa (Hawaiian) / Guava — Psidium guajava in Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) is used for Diarrhoea (affecting Puku (stomach), Ngākau (intestines), Tinana (whole body — dehydration)). The mechanism and the condition don't have an obvious overlap — which could indicate an unknown pathway.
Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya)
Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras)
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au)
Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti)
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine)
Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine)
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine
Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil)
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa)
Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China)
6-Gingerol / 6-Shogaol
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Indian subcontinent independently identified compounds with the NF-kappaB/IKK-beta inhibition, COX-2 transcriptional downregulation, Nrf2/ARE pathway activation mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane)
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane)
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Indian subcontinent, Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China) independently identified compounds with the Intestinal glucose absorption inhibition (SGLT1), sweet taste receptor blockade, beta-cell regeneration mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Gymnemic acids
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Gymnemic acids
Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa)
Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China)
Gymnemic acids
Traditions from China, Nile Valley, Egypt, Greece and Eastern Mediterranean independently identified compounds with the dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (prostaglandin synthesis blockade) mechanism.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Salicin
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
Salicin
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Salicin
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Korean Peninsula, China, Indian subcontinent, Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions), Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China), Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti) independently identified compounds with the Collagen synthesis stimulation (TGF-beta/Smad), VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, MMP inhibition, wound healing mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Asiaticoside
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Asiaticoside
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Asiaticoside
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Asiaticoside
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Asiaticoside
Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa)
Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China)
Asiaticoside
Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au)
Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti)
Asiaticoside
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Nile Valley, Egypt, Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras), Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti), Indian subcontinent, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization), Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions) independently identified compounds with the Immunomodulatory polysaccharide, wound healing, macrophage activation mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Acemannan
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
Acemannan
Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya)
Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras)
Acemannan
Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au)
Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti)
Acemannan
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Acemannan
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Acemannan
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Acemannan
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras), Indian subcontinent, Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil), Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions) independently identified compounds with the Calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition, antilithiatic, hepatoprotective, ureteral smooth muscle relaxation mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Phyllanthin
Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya)
Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras)
Phyllanthin
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Phyllanthin
Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine
Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil)
Phyllanthin
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Phyllanthin
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Indian subcontinent, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization), Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China) independently identified compounds with the Phytoestrogenic (ER-alpha/beta), galactopoietic, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Shatavarin IV
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Shatavarin IV
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Shatavarin IV
Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa)
Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China)
Shatavarin IV
Traditions from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, Greece and Eastern Mediterranean, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization) independently identified compounds with the Mucosal astringent (protein precipitation), antimicrobial enzyme inhibition, intestinal antisecretory, iron chelation mechanism.
Siddha Medicine
Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Tannic acid
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Tannic acid
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Tannic acid
Traditions from Nile Valley, Egypt, Greece and Eastern Mediterranean independently identified compounds with the Mu/delta opioid receptor partial agonism, COX-2 inhibition, CB2 partial agonism (multi-target analgesic) mechanism.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
Furanoeudesma-1,3-diene
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Furanoeudesma-1,3-diene
Traditions from Nile Valley, Egypt, Korean Peninsula, Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine) independently identified compounds with the TRPA1 agonist, NF-kappaB inhibition, insulin-sensitizing mechanism.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
Cinnamaldehyde
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Cinnamaldehyde
Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine)
Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine)
Cinnamaldehyde
Traditions from Nile Valley, Egypt, Indian subcontinent, Greece and Eastern Mediterranean, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization) independently identified compounds with the Glucose-dependent insulin secretagogue, muscle glucose uptake enhancement mechanism.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
4-Hydroxyisoleucine
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
4-Hydroxyisoleucine
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
4-Hydroxyisoleucine
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
4-Hydroxyisoleucine
Traditions from Nile Valley, Egypt, Korean Peninsula, China, Indian subcontinent, Greece and Eastern Mediterranean, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization), Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions), Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China) independently identified compounds with the LH secretagogue, DHEA synthesis stimulation, weak PDE5 inhibition, diuretic mechanism.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
Protodioscin
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Protodioscin
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Protodioscin
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Protodioscin
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Protodioscin
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Protodioscin
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Protodioscin
Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa)
Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China)
Protodioscin
Traditions from Nile Valley, Egypt, Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras), Greece and Eastern Mediterranean independently identified compounds with the Dopamine D2 agonism (pituitary), prolactin suppression, menstrual cycle normalization mechanism.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
Agnuside
Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya)
Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras)
Agnuside
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Agnuside
Traditions from Nile Valley, Egypt, Indian subcontinent, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization) independently identified compounds with the Bulk-forming agent (bidirectional stool normalization), bile acid sequestrant, prebiotic, postprandial glucose modulator mechanism.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Nile Valley, Egypt
Psyllium mucilage (arabinoxylan)
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Psyllium mucilage (arabinoxylan)
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Psyllium mucilage (arabinoxylan)
Traditions from Korean Peninsula, China, Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine) independently identified compounds with the Adaptogenic (HPA axis normalization), eNOS-mediated vasodilation, AMPK activation, PI3K/Akt neuroprotection mechanism.
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture)
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture)
Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine)
Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine)
Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 mixture)
Traditions from Korean Peninsula, China, Indian subcontinent, Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine) independently identified compounds with the 11beta-HSD2 inhibition (pseudo-corticosteroid effect), HMGB1 direct sequestration, PLA2 inhibition, P-glycoprotein inhibition mechanism.
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)
Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine)
Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine)
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)
Traditions from Korean Peninsula, Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine) independently identified compounds with the Smooth muscle antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel modulation), HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB suppression, glucocorticoid receptor potentiation mechanism.
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Paeoniflorin
Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine)
Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine)
Paeoniflorin
Traditions from Korean Peninsula, Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras), Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti), Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil), China, Indian subcontinent, Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions), Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China) independently identified compounds with the GLUT4 translocation, hepatic gluconeogenesis suppression, AMPK activation, insulin-mimetic mechanism.
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Charantin
Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya)
Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras)
Charantin
Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au)
Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti)
Charantin
Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine
Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil)
Charantin
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Charantin
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Charantin
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Charantin
Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa)
Tibetan Plateau (Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, parts of India and China)
Charantin
Traditions from Korean Peninsula, China, Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions) independently identified compounds with the Heme-dependent endoperoxide activation, Fe2+-mediated radical generation, PfATP6 alkylation, parasite mitochondrial disruption mechanism.
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Artemisinin
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Artemisinin
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Artemisinin
Traditions from Korean Peninsula, China, Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine) independently identified compounds with the Uterine antispasmodic (Ca2+ channel blockade), eNOS vasodilation, Nrf2/HO-1 cytoprotection, hematopoietic mechanism.
Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang)
Korean Peninsula
Ligustilide
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Ligustilide
Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine)
Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine)
Ligustilide
Traditions from Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras), Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil) independently identified compounds with the Heme polymerization inhibition (hemozoin blockade), Plasmodium schizonticide, DNA intercalation mechanism.
Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya)
Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras)
Quinine
Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine
Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil)
Quinine
Traditions from Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras), Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil), Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions), Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti) independently identified compounds with the NF-kappaB inhibition, dual COX-2/5-LOX, intestinal antisecretory (antidiarrheal), mast cell stabilization, antimicrobial mechanism.
Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya)
Mesoamerica (Central Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras)
Quercetin
Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine
Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil)
Quercetin
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Quercetin
Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au)
Polynesian Triangle (Hawai'i, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Rapa Nui, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti)
Quercetin
Traditions from China, Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine) independently identified compounds with the Mixed-acting sympathomimetic (adrenergic agonist + norepinephrine release), Beta-2 bronchodilator, Alpha-1 vasoconstrictor mechanism.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
China
Ephedrine
Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine)
Japan (adapted from Chinese medicine)
Ephedrine
Traditions from Indian subcontinent, Greece and Eastern Mediterranean, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization) independently identified compounds with the 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) direct non-competitive inhibition mechanism.
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA)
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA)
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA)
Traditions from Indian subcontinent, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization), Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions) independently identified compounds with the IKK-beta direct binding inhibition, HPA axis adaptogenic modulation, STAT3 Tyr705 suppression mechanism.
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Withaferin A (primary withanolide)
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Withaferin A (primary withanolide)
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Withaferin A (primary withanolide)
Traditions from Indian subcontinent, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization), Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions) independently identified compounds with the NF-kappaB immunomodulation, antipyretic, antimicrobial membrane disruption mechanism.
Ayurveda
Indian subcontinent
Azadirachtin
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Azadirachtin
African Traditional Medicine
Sub-Saharan Africa (Southern, Eastern, and West African traditions)
Azadirachtin
Traditions from Greece and Eastern Mediterranean, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization) independently identified compounds with the NF-kappaB/IKK-beta covalent inhibition (Michael addition at Cys179), STAT3 Tyr705 suppression, AP-1 inhibition, telomerase transcriptional downregulation mechanism.
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Costunolide (from Laurus nobilis)
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Costunolide (from Laurus nobilis)
Traditions from Greece and Eastern Mediterranean, Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization) independently identified compounds with the COX-2/12-LOX inhibition, anti-inflammatory wound healing, granulation tissue promotion mechanism.
Ancient Greek Medicine
Greece and Eastern Mediterranean
Faradiol
Unani Medicine
Perso-Arabic world (transmission of Greco-Roman medicine through Islamic civilization)
Faradiol
Multiple traditions use Zingiber officinale for Asthma but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction | 30-60ml decoction twice daily before meals |
| Unani Medicine | زنجبیل (Zanjabil) — Ginger | Fresh: 5-10g daily. Dried: 1-3g twice daily with honey or warm water. |
| Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) | སྒ་བུར (Ga-bur) — Zingiber officinale / Ginger | 1-3g dried ginger powder in hot water, 2-3 times daily |
Multiple traditions use Zingiber officinale for Functional dyspepsia but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction | 30-60ml decoction twice daily before meals |
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Jengibre / Chicomecóatl herb — Zingiber officinale | 5-10g fresh ginger in hot water, 2-3 times daily |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale | Fresh ginger tea: 5-10g grated ginger in hot water, 2-3 times daily |
| Unani Medicine | زنجبیل (Zanjabil) — Ginger | Fresh: 5-10g daily. Dried: 1-3g twice daily with honey or warm water. |
| Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine | Jengibre (Ginger) — Zingiber officinale | Infusion: 5-10g fresh ginger in hot water, 2-3 times daily. Poultice: applied externally as needed. |
| Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) | སྒ་བུར (Ga-bur) — Zingiber officinale / Ginger | 1-3g dried ginger powder in hot water, 2-3 times daily |
Multiple traditions use Zingiber officinale for Malaria but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர் (Nilavembu Kudineer) — Andrographis Decoction | 30-60ml decoction twice daily before meals |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale | Fresh ginger tea: 5-10g grated ginger in hot water, 2-3 times daily |
Multiple traditions use Curcuma longa for Inflammatory disorders but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | மஞ்சள் (Manjal) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric | Internal: 2-3g powder with milk twice daily. External: paste applied to affected areas 1-2 times daily. |
| Ayurveda | हरिद्रा (Haridra) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric | 3-5g powder daily with warm milk and black pepper |
Multiple traditions use Curcuma longa for Atopic dermatitis but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | மஞ்சள் (Manjal) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric | Internal: 2-3g powder with milk twice daily. External: paste applied to affected areas 1-2 times daily. |
| Ayurveda | हरिद्रा (Haridra) — Curcuma longa / Turmeric | 3-5g powder daily with warm milk and black pepper |
Multiple traditions use Gymnema sylvestre for Type 2 diabetes mellitus but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | சிறுகுறிஞ்சான் (Sirukurinjan) — Gymnema sylvestre | 3-6g leaf powder twice daily before meals; or 50-100ml decoction twice daily |
| Ayurveda | गुड़मार + करवेल्लक + मेथिका (Gudmar + Karavellaka + Methika) — Prameha Triad | 3-6g combined Churna twice daily before meals with warm water. Kashaya: 50ml twice daily on empty stomach. |
| Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) | ཁ་ལོ་ཏིག་ཏ (Kha-lo Tig-ta) — Momordica charantia + Gymnema sylvestre / Bitter Gourd-Gymnema compound | Powder: 3-5g twice daily with warm water before meals. Decoction: 200ml twice daily on empty stomach. |
Multiple traditions use Salix alba for Inflammatory disorders — pain with inflammation but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 柳白皮 (Bai Liu Pi) — Willow Bark | 10-15g dried bark per decoction, taken in two divided doses |
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Tjeret (תגרת) — Willow / Salix | Powder: mixed with beer or honey as prescribed in specific remedies |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Φλοιός Ἰτέας (Phloios Iteas) — Willow Bark | Decoction of bark: 10-15g in 300ml water, twice daily |
Multiple traditions use Centella asiatica for Chronic wound but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | வல்லாரை-கற்றாழை மருந்து (Vallarai-Katrazhai Marunthu) — Centella-Aloe Wound Preparation | Internal: Vallarai 3-5g powder or 15-30ml juice twice daily. External: fresh Katrazhai gel applied to wound 2-3 times daily after cleaning. |
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 병풀 (Byeong-pul) — Centella asiatica / Gotu Kola | Topical: fresh poultice applied 2-3 times daily. Internal decoction: 10-20g daily for wound healing support. Standardized extract: 30-60mg total triterpenes daily. |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 积雪草膏 (Ji Xue Cao Gao) — Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) Preparation | Internal decoction: 15-30g fresh, 10-15g dried, daily. External: apply paste to wound 1-2 times daily after cleaning. |
| Ayurveda | मण्डूकपर्णी + कुमारी (Mandukaparni + Kumari) — Wound Healing Compound | Internal: 10-20ml Mandukaparni juice twice daily with 5ml ghee. External: Lepa applied 2-3 times daily to wound surface. |
| African Traditional Medicine | iCena / Gotu Kola — Centella asiatica | Poultice: applied twice daily with fresh dressing. Internal infusion: 250ml twice daily to support healing. Wound wash: applied at each dressing change. |
| Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) | སྤང་རྩི (sPang-rtsi) — Centella asiatica / Gotu Kola wound preparation | External: paste applied 2-3 times daily to wound surface. Internal: 3-5g powder or 200ml decoction twice daily. |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Gotu Kola (Pacific) — Centella asiatica | Fresh herb: handful of leaves eaten daily. Tea: 200-300ml steeped from 3-5g dried herb, 2-3 times daily. Poultice: fresh leaves applied to wounds, changed twice daily. |
Multiple traditions use Aloe vera for Chronic wound but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | வல்லாரை-கற்றாழை மருந்து (Vallarai-Katrazhai Marunthu) — Centella-Aloe Wound Preparation | Internal: Vallarai 3-5g powder or 15-30ml juice twice daily. External: fresh Katrazhai gel applied to wound 2-3 times daily after cleaning. |
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | 'Rw (ארו / Eru) — Aloe | Gel: applied directly as needed. Dried latex: small amount in beer for purgation. |
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Metl / Sábila — Agave / Aloe (Mesoamerican use) | Topical: generous application to affected area, 2-3 times daily. Internal sap: small amount for digestive complaints. |
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Sábila Tequitl (Wound Aloe) — Aloe vera battlefield preparation | Generous poultice covering entire wound surface, changed every 12 hours. Fresh preparation each application. |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Aloe (pan-Pacific) — Aloe vera | Topical: fresh gel applied liberally to affected area, 2-3 times daily. Internal: 30-50ml gel mixed with water, once daily. |
| Ayurveda | मण्डूकपर्णी + कुमारी (Mandukaparni + Kumari) — Wound Healing Compound | Internal: 10-20ml Mandukaparni juice twice daily with 5ml ghee. External: Lepa applied 2-3 times daily to wound surface. |
| Unani Medicine | صبر (Sabr) + اقحوان (Aqhawan) — Aloe vera + Calendula Preparation | Topical: apply to wound 2-3 times daily after cleaning. Marham: thin layer to wound margins. |
| African Traditional Medicine | iNhlaba / Aloe — Aloe vera / A. ferox | Gel: applied topically as needed. Latex (bitter aloe): 50-200mg for purgation. Decoction: small cup daily. |
Multiple traditions use Phyllanthus niruri for Urolithiasis but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | கீழாநெல்லி (Keelanelli) — Phyllanthus niruri / Stonebreaker | 3-5g powder twice daily with buttermilk; or 30ml fresh juice once daily on empty stomach; or 75-150ml decoction twice daily |
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Chanca Piedra / Flor Escondida — Phyllanthus niruri | One cup (200ml) infusion, 3-4 times daily. Higher doses during acute stone passage. |
| Ayurveda | भूम्यामलकी + गोक्षुर (Bhumyamalaki + Gokshura) — Ashmari-hara Yoga | Kashaya: 50-100ml twice daily on empty stomach. Churna: 3-6g twice daily with warm water. Gokshuradi Guggulu: 500mg-1g twice daily. |
| Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine | Chanca Piedra (Stonebreaker) — Phyllanthus niruri | Infusion: 200-300ml 3-4 times daily. Increased water intake required alongside treatment. |
| African Traditional Medicine | Eyin Olobe / Chanca Piedra — Phyllanthus niruri (Stonebreaker) | Decoction: 250ml three times daily. Infusion: 200ml three times daily between meals. Continue for full course even if symptoms resolve early. |
Multiple traditions use Asparagus racemosus for Female infertility but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | தண்ணீர்விட்டான் (Thanneer Vittan) — Asparagus racemosus + Mineral Preparations | 3-5g tuber powder with warm milk and honey twice daily. Mineral adjunct: 500mg-1g Nathai Chooranam with the preparation. |
| Ayurveda | शतावरी (Shatavari) — Asparagus racemosus | 3-6g root powder twice daily with warm milk and ghee. Shatavari Ghrita: 10-15ml daily. Shatavari Kalpa: 5-10g daily. |
| Unani Medicine | شتاور (Satavar) — Asparagus racemosus + Warm Temperament Herbs | Root powder: 3-5g twice daily with warm milk. Ma'jun: 10g once daily. Decoction with milk: 100ml twice daily. |
| Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) | ཉེ་ཤིང (Nye-shing) — Asparagus racemosus / Tibetan fertility preparation | Powder: 3-6g twice daily with warm milk and honey. Butter preparation: 5-10g daily. Decoction: 200ml warm milk decoction once daily. |
Multiple traditions use Quercus infectoria for Diarrhoea but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Siddha Medicine | மாசிக்காய் (Masikkai) — Quercus infectoria / Aleppo Oak Gall | 1-3g powder with buttermilk twice daily after meals; or 50-100ml decoction twice daily |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Κηκίς (Kekis) — Gall Oak / Oak Galls | Gall decoction: 200ml three times daily. Combined with pomegranate rind: 150ml twice daily. Enema: diluted decoction as needed. |
| Unani Medicine | مازو (Mazu) — Quercus infectoria / Oak Galls | Powder: 1-3g twice daily with buttermilk. Decoction: 50ml three times daily. Huqna: 50-100ml as retention enema once daily. |
Multiple traditions use Salix alba for Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Tjeret (תגרת) — Willow / Salix | Powder: mixed with beer or honey as prescribed in specific remedies |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Φλοιός Ἰτέας (Phloios Iteas) — Willow Bark | Decoction of bark: 10-15g in 300ml water, twice daily |
Multiple traditions use Aloe vera for Atopic dermatitis but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | 'Rw (ארו / Eru) — Aloe | Gel: applied directly as needed. Dried latex: small amount in beer for purgation. |
| African Traditional Medicine | iNhlaba / Aloe — Aloe vera / A. ferox | Gel: applied topically as needed. Latex (bitter aloe): 50-200mg for purgation. Decoction: small cup daily. |
Multiple traditions use Aloe vera for Functional dyspepsia but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | 'Rw (ארו / Eru) — Aloe | Gel: applied directly as needed. Dried latex: small amount in beer for purgation. |
| African Traditional Medicine | iNhlaba / Aloe — Aloe vera / A. ferox | Gel: applied topically as needed. Latex (bitter aloe): 50-200mg for purgation. Decoction: small cup daily. |
Multiple traditions use Commiphora myrrha for Open wound of skin but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | ꜥntyw (אנטיו / Antyu) — Myrrh | Internal: small amount dissolved in wine. Topical: as wound dressing. Fumigation: burned in sick room. |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Καλένδουλα (Kalendoula) — Marigold | External: flower infusion applied 2-3 times daily. Oil macerate for wound dressing. Myrrh-honey plaster changed daily. |
Multiple traditions use Cinnamomum verum for Essential hypertension but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Ti-sps (תי-שפש) — Cinnamon | Powdered bark: 1-3g with honey or in wine |
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 계피 (Gye-pi) — Cinnamomum / Cinnamon | In formula: 3-6g. Tea: 2-3g powder daily. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 桂枝茯苓丸 (Keishi-Bukuryō-Gan) — Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill | Extract granule: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals |
Multiple traditions use Cinnamomum verum for Functional dyspepsia but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Ti-sps (תי-שפש) — Cinnamon | Powdered bark: 1-3g with honey or in wine |
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 계피 (Gye-pi) — Cinnamomum / Cinnamon | In formula: 3-6g. Tea: 2-3g powder daily. |
Multiple traditions use Trigonella foenum-graecum for Type 2 diabetes mellitus but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Hilbeh (חילבה) — Fenugreek / Trigonella | Seed paste: 5-10g mixed with honey or beer, taken 2-3 times daily with meals |
| Ayurveda | गुड़मार + करवेल्लक + मेथिका (Gudmar + Karavellaka + Methika) — Prameha Triad | 3-6g combined Churna twice daily before meals with warm water. Kashaya: 50ml twice daily on empty stomach. |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Τήλις / Βούκερας (Telis / Bouceras) — Fenugreek | Seed decoction: 300ml divided into two doses daily. Powdered seed: 5-10g with honey, twice daily. |
| Unani Medicine | حلبة (Hulba) — Fenugreek / Trigonella foenum-graecum | Seed powder: 5-10g daily divided into 2 doses. Soaked seeds: 5g with water on empty stomach morning and evening. |
Multiple traditions use Tribulus terrestris for Calculus of kidney but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Binkt (בינכת) — Puncture Vine / Tribulus | Decoction: fruit powder steeped in beer or water, taken 2-3 times daily |
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 질려자 (Jillyeo-ja) — Tribulus terrestris / Puncture Vine | Decoction: 6-15g daily. Powder: 3-6g twice daily. In compound stone-dissolving formula: 9-12g as primary herb. |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 八正散加蒺藜 (Ba Zheng San Jia Ji Li) — Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification with Tribulus | One formula per day, divided into 2-3 doses. Increase water intake to 2-3 liters daily during treatment. |
| Ayurveda | भूम्यामलकी + गोक्षुर (Bhumyamalaki + Gokshura) — Ashmari-hara Yoga | Kashaya: 50-100ml twice daily on empty stomach. Churna: 3-6g twice daily with warm water. Gokshuradi Guggulu: 500mg-1g twice daily. |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Τρίβολος (Tribolos) — Caltrop / Land Caltrop | Fruit decoction: 300ml divided into three doses daily. Fresh juice: 30ml twice daily. Powder: 3-5g with hydromel. |
| Unani Medicine | خار خسک + اسپغول (Khar-e-Khasak + Ispaghula) — Tribulus terrestris + Plantago ovata | Tribulus powder: 3-5g twice daily. Ispaghula: 5-7g twice daily with warm water. Decoction: 100ml twice daily. |
| Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) | གཟེ་མ (gZe-ma) — Tribulus terrestris / Puncture Vine kidney preparation | Powder: 3-6g twice daily with warm water. Decoction: 200ml twice daily on empty stomach. |
Multiple traditions use Vitex agnus-castus for Female infertility but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Pagat (פאגאת) — Chaste Tree / Vitex | Powdered berries: 3-5g in honey or wine daily. Fumigation: as prescribed. |
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Sauzgatillo / Árbol Casto — Vitex agnus-castus | One cup (200ml) berry decoction daily, taken in the morning. Tincture: 20-40 drops in water, once daily. |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Ἄγνος / Λύγος (Agnos / Lygos) — Chaste Tree | Berry decoction: 250ml once daily. Wine maceration: 50ml daily in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Pessary: as prescribed by physician. |
Multiple traditions use Plantago ovata for Diarrhoea but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptian Medicine | Ispaghul (איספאגול) — Plantain Seed / Psyllium | Seed husks: 5-10g soaked in water, taken 1-3 times daily |
| Ayurveda | इसबगोल + शुण्ठी (Isabgol + Shunthi) — Atisara-hara Yoga | 5-10g Isabgol husk + 1-2g Shunthi Churna, 2-3 times daily between meals. In acute Atisara: every 4-6 hours until stools normalize. |
Multiple traditions use Panax ginseng for Type 2 diabetes mellitus but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 홍삼 (Hong-sam) — Korean Red Ginseng | Decoction: 3-9g daily. Extract: 1-3g daily. Sliced: 2-3 slices daily. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 八味地黄丸 (Hachimi-jiō-gan) — Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia | Extract granule: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals |
Multiple traditions use Panax ginseng for Diarrhoea but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 홍삼 (Hong-sam) — Korean Red Ginseng | Decoction: 3-9g daily. Extract: 1-3g daily. Sliced: 2-3 slices daily. |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 参苓白术散 (Shen Ling Bai Zhu San) — Ginseng, Poria, and White Atractylodes Powder | Powder: 6g TID with warm water. Decoction: one formula daily in 2 doses. Granule: 5g TID. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 人参湯 (Ninjin-tō) — Ginseng Decoction / 真武湯 (Shinbu-tō) — True Warrior Decoction | Ninjin-to: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals. Shinbu-to: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals. |
Multiple traditions use Glycyrrhiza uralensis for Inflammatory disorders but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 감초 (Gam-cho) — Glycyrrhiza / Licorice | In formula: 2-6g. Single herb: 6-10g decoction daily. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 芍薬甘草湯 (Shakuyaku-Kanzo-Tō) — Peony and Licorice Decoction | Extract granule: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals. Emergency use: full daily dose at once for acute muscle cramp. |
Multiple traditions use Glycyrrhiza uralensis for Functional dyspepsia but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 감초 (Gam-cho) — Glycyrrhiza / Licorice | In formula: 2-6g. Single herb: 6-10g decoction daily. |
| Ayurveda | यष्टिमधु (Yashtimadhu) — Glycyrrhiza glabra / Licorice | 3-5g powder twice daily; or 15-30ml decoction |
Multiple traditions use Glycyrrhiza uralensis for Malaria but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 감초 (Gam-cho) — Glycyrrhiza / Licorice | In formula: 2-6g. Single herb: 6-10g decoction daily. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 小柴胡湯 (Shō-saiko-tō) — Minor Bupleurum Decoction | Extract granule: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals |
Multiple traditions use Momordica charantia for Type 2 diabetes mellitus but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 여주 (Yeo-ju) — Momordica charantia / Bitter Melon | Decoction: 15-30g fresh (6-10g dried) daily. Juice: 50-100ml fresh juice daily. Powder: 1-3g capsules twice daily. |
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Cundeamor / Bitter Melon — Momordica charantia | One cup (200ml) of fruit decoction, 2-3 times daily before meals. Or 50-100ml fresh juice daily. |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Pāreā (adopted Pacific name) / Bitter Melon — Momordica charantia | Fruit: 50-100g cooked with meals daily. Juice: 50-100ml daily on empty stomach. Leaf tea: 200-300ml daily. |
| Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine | Balsamina / Papailla — Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) | Decoction: 200ml 2-3 times daily before meals. Fresh juice: 50-100ml daily on empty stomach. |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 苦瓜 (Ku Gua) — Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) | Dietary: 100-200g fresh fruit daily. Medicinal decoction: 15-20g dried. Powder: 3-5g TID. |
| Ayurveda | गुड़मार + करवेल्लक + मेथिका (Gudmar + Karavellaka + Methika) — Prameha Triad | 3-6g combined Churna twice daily before meals with warm water. Kashaya: 50ml twice daily on empty stomach. |
| African Traditional Medicine | Ejirin / Mwitu — Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) | Decoction: 200ml twice daily before meals. Leaf infusion: one cup three times daily. Cooked fruit: small portion daily as food-medicine. |
| Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) | ཁ་ལོ་ཏིག་ཏ (Kha-lo Tig-ta) — Momordica charantia + Gymnema sylvestre / Bitter Gourd-Gymnema compound | Powder: 3-5g twice daily with warm water before meals. Decoction: 200ml twice daily on empty stomach. |
Multiple traditions use Artemisia annua for Malaria but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 개똥쑥 (Gae-ttong-ssuk) — Artemisia annua / Sweet Wormwood | Fresh juice: 30-60ml daily during acute fever. Decoction: 6-12g daily (added late to formula). Dried herb in formula: 3-9g. |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 青蒿鳖甲汤 (Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang) — Sweet Wormwood and Soft-Shelled Turtle Shell Decoction | One formula per day, divided into 2 doses. Taken between febrile episodes. |
| African Traditional Medicine | Artemisia — Artemisia annua (Sweet Wormwood) | Infusion: 250ml four times daily for 7 days. Dried leaf powder: 5g daily in divided doses. Often combined with neem decoction in East African practice. |
Multiple traditions use Angelica sinensis for Female infertility but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 당귀 (Danggwi) — Angelica sinensis / Korean Angelica | In formula: 6-15g. Sah-Mul-Tang standard dose: 9g Danggwi. Single herb decoction: 9-12g daily. |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 当归补血汤加减 (Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Jia Jian) — Angelica Blood-Tonifying Decoction (Modified) | One formula per day, divided into 2 doses. Cyclic administration aligned with menstrual phases. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 当帰芍薬散 (Tōki-shakuyaku-san) — Angelica and Peony Powder | Extract granule: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals |
Multiple traditions use Zingiber officinale for Diarrhoea but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang) | 생강 (Saenggang) / 건강 (Geongang) — Zingiber officinale / Ginger | Fresh ginger: 3-9g in formula or as tea. Dried ginger: 3-6g in formula (caution: more potent than fresh). I-Jung-Tang standard dose: 6g dried ginger. |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Awapuhi (Hawaiian) — Zingiber officinale | Fresh ginger tea: 5-10g grated ginger in hot water, 2-3 times daily |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 参苓白术散 (Shen Ling Bai Zhu San) — Ginseng, Poria, and White Atractylodes Powder | Powder: 6g TID with warm water. Decoction: one formula daily in 2 doses. Granule: 5g TID. |
| Ayurveda | इसबगोल + शुण्ठी (Isabgol + Shunthi) — Atisara-hara Yoga | 5-10g Isabgol husk + 1-2g Shunthi Churna, 2-3 times daily between meals. In acute Atisara: every 4-6 hours until stools normalize. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 人参湯 (Ninjin-tō) — Ginseng Decoction / 真武湯 (Shinbu-tō) — True Warrior Decoction | Ninjin-to: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals. Shinbu-to: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals. |
Multiple traditions use Cinchona officinalis for Malaria but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Quina / Corteza de Fiebre — Cinchona officinalis | Strong decoction (15-20g bark per liter), 100-200ml every 4-6 hours during active fever. Reduced dose as fever subsides. |
| Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine | Quina-quina / Cascarilla — Cinchona officinalis (Quinine Bark) | Decoction: 150-200ml 2-3 times daily during febrile episodes. Reduced to once daily as maintenance during malaria season. |
Multiple traditions use Psidium guajava for Diarrhoea but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya) | Guayaba / Xalxócotl — Psidium guajava | Leaf decoction: one cup (200ml) every 4-6 hours during active diarrhea. Unripe fruit: 1-2 small fruits chewed and eaten. Children: half-strength preparation. |
| Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine | Hoja de Guayaba (Guava Leaf) — Psidium guajava | Infusion: 200ml 3-4 times daily until symptoms resolve. Children: half dose. Sipped slowly rather than gulped. |
| African Traditional Medicine | umGwava / Guova — Psidium guajava (Guava) | Leaf decoction: 100-150ml after each loose stool, up to 4 times daily. Children: half dose. Bark decoction (severe): 100ml three times daily. Always combined with oral rehydration. |
| Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au) | Kuawa (Hawaiian) / Guava — Psidium guajava | Leaf tea: 200-300ml of decoction, 2-3 times daily during acute diarrhea. Fresh leaves chewed: 2-3 young leaves. Fruit: 1-2 ripe fruits daily. |
Multiple traditions use Glycyrrhiza uralensis for Rheumatoid arthritis — inflammatory joint disease but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 独活寄生汤 (Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang) — Angelica Pubescens and Mistletoe Decoction | One full formula per day, divided into 2-3 doses |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 芍薬甘草湯 (Shakuyaku-Kanzo-Tō) — Peony and Licorice Decoction | Extract granule: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals. Emergency use: full daily dose at once for acute muscle cramp. |
Multiple traditions use Ephedra sinica for Asthma but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 小青龙汤 (Xiao Qing Long Tang) — Minor Blue-Green Dragon Decoction | One formula per day, divided into 3 doses. Taken warm. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 小青竜湯 (Shō-Seiryū-Tō) — Minor Blue Dragon Decoction | Extract granule: 9g/day divided into 3 doses |
Multiple traditions use Glycyrrhiza uralensis for Urolithiasis but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | 八正散加蒺藜 (Ba Zheng San Jia Ji Li) — Eight-Herb Powder for Rectification with Tribulus | One formula per day, divided into 2-3 doses. Increase water intake to 2-3 liters daily during treatment. |
| Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine) | 猪苓湯 (Chorei-tō) — Polyporus Decoction | Extract granule: 7.5g/day divided into 3 doses before meals |
Multiple traditions use Boswellia serrata for Inflammatory disorders but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ayurveda | शल्लकी (Shallaki) — Boswellia serrata | 500mg-1g powder twice daily with warm water or honey |
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Λίβανος (Libanos) — Frankincense / Olibanum | Internally: small pea-sized amount dissolved in wine. Externally: powder mixed with egg white or honey for plasters. |
| Unani Medicine | لبان (Luban) — Frankincense / Kundur | 3-5g powder twice daily. Topical: as needed. |
Multiple traditions use Withania somnifera for Insomnia but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ayurveda | अश्वगन्धा (Ashwagandha) — Withania somnifera | 3-6g root powder daily, divided into 2 doses with warm milk |
| Unani Medicine | اسگند (Asgandh) — Ashwagandha | 3-5g root powder twice daily with milk |
Multiple traditions use Azadirachta indica for Malaria but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ayurveda | निम्ब क्वाथ (Nimba Kwatha) — Neem Decoction | 50-100ml decoction twice daily. Swarasa: 10-20ml with honey twice daily. |
| Unani Medicine | نیم (Neem) — Azadirachta indica | Leaf decoction: 50-100ml twice daily during fever. Bark decoction: 30-50ml twice daily. Arq: 50ml twice daily. |
| African Traditional Medicine | Mwarobaini / Dongoyaro — Azadirachta indica (Neem) | Leaf decoction: 200ml three times daily during active fever. Preventive: 100ml daily during rainy/malaria season. Bark decoction: 150ml twice daily for severe fever. |
Multiple traditions use Laurus nobilis for Functional dyspepsia but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Δάφνη (Daphne) — Bay Laurel | Leaf decoction: 200ml twice daily. Oil: applied externally as needed. |
| Unani Medicine | حب الغار (Habb al-Ghaar) — Bay Laurel Berry | Internally: 1-3g powder once daily. Externally: oil as needed. |
Multiple traditions use Laurus nobilis for Migraine but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Δάφνη (Daphne) — Bay Laurel | Leaf decoction: 200ml twice daily. Oil: applied externally as needed. |
| Unani Medicine | حب الغار (Habb al-Ghaar) — Bay Laurel Berry | Internally: 1-3g powder once daily. Externally: oil as needed. |
Multiple traditions use Calendula officinalis for Wound healing disorders but prescribe different dosages:
| Tradition | Treatment | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ancient Greek Medicine | Καλένδουλα (Kalendoula) — Marigold | External: flower infusion applied 2-3 times daily. Oil macerate for wound dressing. Myrrh-honey plaster changed daily. |
| Unani Medicine | صبر (Sabr) + اقحوان (Aqhawan) — Aloe vera + Calendula Preparation | Topical: apply to wound 2-3 times daily after cleaning. Marham: thin layer to wound margins. |
Gymnema sylvestre appears in 3 treatments across Siddha Medicine, Ayurveda, Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa).
Salix alba appears in 3 treatments across Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Ancient Greek Medicine.
Centella asiatica appears in 7 treatments across Siddha Medicine, Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, African Traditional Medicine, Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa), Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au).
Aloe vera appears in 8 treatments across Siddha Medicine, Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya), Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au), Ayurveda, Unani Medicine, African Traditional Medicine.
Phyllanthus niruri appears in 5 treatments across Siddha Medicine, Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya), Ayurveda, Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine, African Traditional Medicine.
Asparagus racemosus appears in 4 treatments across Siddha Medicine, Ayurveda, Unani Medicine, Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa).
Quercus infectoria appears in 3 treatments across Siddha Medicine, Ancient Greek Medicine, Unani Medicine.
Cinnamomum verum appears in 3 treatments across Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine).
Trigonella foenum-graecum appears in 4 treatments across Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Ayurveda, Ancient Greek Medicine, Unani Medicine.
Tribulus terrestris appears in 8 treatments across Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, Ancient Greek Medicine, Unani Medicine, African Traditional Medicine, Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa).
Vitex agnus-castus appears in 3 treatments across Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya), Ancient Greek Medicine.
Plantago ovata appears in 3 treatments across Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Ayurveda, Unani Medicine.
Panax ginseng appears in 7 treatments across Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine).
Glycyrrhiza uralensis appears in 7 treatments across Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine).
Momordica charantia appears in 8 treatments across Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya), Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au), Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, African Traditional Medicine, Tibetan Medicine (Sowa Rigpa).
Artemisia annua appears in 3 treatments across Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Traditional Chinese Medicine, African Traditional Medicine.
Angelica sinensis appears in 4 treatments across Korean Traditional Medicine (Hanbang), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kampo (Japanese Traditional Medicine).
Psidium guajava appears in 4 treatments across Mesoamerican Medicine (Aztec / Nahua / Maya), Amazonian / Peruvian Traditional Medicine, African Traditional Medicine, Polynesian Medicine (Rongoā Māori / La'au Lapa'au).
Boswellia serrata appears in 3 treatments across Ayurveda, Ancient Greek Medicine, Unani Medicine.
Withania somnifera appears in 3 treatments across Ayurveda, Unani Medicine, African Traditional Medicine.
Azadirachta indica appears in 3 treatments across Ayurveda, Unani Medicine, African Traditional Medicine.